Shard Tower Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Shard Tower - Essay Example Structuring of the Shard tower was done in 2000 by Renzo Piano and in 2007 development started. In July 2012, the undertaking was finished and opened by Prime Minister of Qatar, Hamad receptacle Jassim canister Jaber Al Thani. The initial service was likewise gone to by Prince Andrew, Duke of York (Mace Group 2010). The pinnacle is overhauled and kept up by focal London’s comforts, offices and transport framework. The pinnacle is situated close to London connect station in this manner making it simpler for individuals to interface from the station to work place (Sellar Group 2011). This paper will concentrate on the Shard tower venture and the undertaking the board. The center targets of the Shard venture was to; roll out positive improvements, improving one’s life possibilities, guarantee advancement in development territories and convey quality and standard open assistance This paper means to take a gander at venture the executives in the development business and the connection between the degrees of hazard the board and the various phases of a development venture. The customary strategies of venture the board will be referenced just as the present advancements in the field. Also, the paper will talk about the advantages and costs, boundaries, of the patterns lastly examine applicable suggestions. Ventures inside Shard program 1. Southwark tower destruction Stephen Furnell helped by Len Abbott in the year 1969 to 1970 planned the Southwark tower. The pinnacle was the head quarter of cost waterhouse. The pinnacle had 25-story office (The Rubble Club 2009). The structure was destroyed to permit development of Shard tower. It was the tallest structure to be wrecked in the United Kingdom. They destruction was done behind acoustic screen with the goal that they could lessen clamor contamination levels. 2. Fixing glass The Shard tower is otherwise called the shard of glass. The purpose for the name it is on the grounds that the pinnacle is shrouded in glass, which makes it precious stone. The engineers structured a glass roofed, which was finished by Renzo Piano structure. The structure included both the roof and floor, which carried light to the workplaces during dimmest days. 3. Sensors The sensors initiate dim blinds on each glass boards. In 2009, Claxton offered guidance operational and financial plan for creating blind control framework. The visually impaired framework control was to take and profit readings from sensors. The sensors would impart to shreds to either lower or raise heat entering the pinnacle. The sun powered track servers were introduced in the cellar while photometer and radiometer sensors we introduced on the rooftop. The sensors situated at the rooftop are called level 96. Claxton had the option to effectively introduce solarTrac framework, which is a result of Mechoshade. 4. Kone hop lifts The first Kone bounce lift was introduced in Shard Tower in August 2010. The hop lift is a self-climbing framework c reated by Kone. The lift utilizes the structure shafts during development. The lift can oblige 21 individuals and 1600kg. Its primary use was to convey Shard site laborers all over the building site. Mace, the Shard head contractual worker, teamed up with Kone to guarantee the bounce lift satisfies the guidelines and nature of the conveyance program. Tony Palgrave, the Mace development executive, proposed that the bounce lift was an answer for shipping materials and individuals viably and rapidly. It has been the most secure approach to go here and there the structure. Michael Williams, KONE U.K. overseeing chief, said feel special cooperating with Mace in the Shard tower venture. They guarantee that the lifts were very much introduced to uncertain they ran easily (Chatham 2010). Undertaking the executives Robert Deatker was the task chief at the London Bridge quarter and Shard Tower. Robert says crafted by the task the board is to hitch thing

Rational Choice Theory Essay

â€Å"Man is a sane creature who consistently loses his temper when he is called upon to act as per the directs of reason. † As observed from Oscar Wilde’s adage, levelheadedness is one of the most urgent and questionable subjects in examining human conduct. To contemplate and inspect this discernment, various researchers have attempted to set up their own speculations and sum up their clarification with experimental confirmations from genuine world, which eventually creates purported, the hypothesis of sound decision. Normal Choice Theory is a way to deal with comprehend human conduct. The methodology has for quite some time been the prevailing worldview in financial matters, however in later a very long while it has gotten all the more broadly utilized in different fileds, for example, Sociology, Political Science, and Anthropology. The fundamental reason for this paper is to give a review of levelheaded decision hypothesis and quickly examine its essential presumptions, investigates, political ramifications, and elective clarifications of individual decision system. Above all else, chronicled foundations of balanced decision hypothesis and its progress from the field of Economics to that of Political Science will be expounded. Next, different definitions and implications of the objective decision will be talked about. The fundamental presumptions of the reasonable decision approach with political ramifications will be followed. A few issues raised by balanced decision hypothesis will be trailed this conversation. This paper will recommend a portion of the principle reactions that have been collected against the sane decision approach. Constrained exact legitimacy of sane decision hypothesis and methodological independence, which uncovers inborn risky nature of the hypothesis, will be examined. At last, elective clarifications of individual decision system will summarize this conversation. Before explaining its hypothetical conversation, it is important to examine recorded foundations of balanced decision hypothesis. In the article, â€Å"A Genealogy of Rational Choice: Rationalism, Elitism, and Democracy†, Maloy presents Skinner’s examination of behaviorism as basic foundation for the conversation of judicious decision hypothesis. He contends that, â€Å"Skinner’s examination merits the consideration of the ongoing discussions around normal decision ecause it points out the ineluctable ideological highlights of methodological debate† (Maloy 751). As per Maloy, Skinner could â€Å"clarify the sorts of regularizing power which connect to experimental speculations in sociologies by a nearby literary examination of some driving commitments to the behaviorist debate†, which at last empowers the conversation of objective decision to be advanced applied into various fields of study (Maloy 751). Milton Freidman is another essential figure that gives significant hypothetical base to talking about objective decision hypothesis. In â€Å"The Methodology of Positive Economics†, Friedman contends that individuals and firms settle on choices that can augment their benefit under immaculate data. He guarded sound decision model by contending that, â€Å"a hypothesis ought to be decided by its prescient precision, not the authenticity of its assumptions† (Friedman 10). His contention gives hypothetical establishments of sane decision hypothesis in Economics, despite the fact that it is regularly condemned by later researchers as a result of its frail experimental legitimacy and ceteris paribus nature. While sane decision hypothesis has been predominant worldview in Economics, it has become â€Å"adapted and balanced in various manners to fit† various fields of study, for example, Political Science; Maloy clarifies that â€Å"the peculiarity of the judicious decision approach among political researchers comprises, when all is said in done terms, in the utilization of financial models to clarify and anticipate political conduct (Maloy 753). Maloy brings up three conspicuous figures, Arrow, Downs, and Olson as judicious decision organizers particularly in the field of political theory. As indicated by Maloy, Arrow’s work centers around alleged, â€Å"collective objectivity whose hidden reason for existing is to quantify aggregate decisions utilizing guidelines ordinarily applied to singular decisions (Maloy 753). Down utilizations Arrow’s aggregate levelheadedness as the beginning stage of his examination and â€Å"aims to explain a conduct rule for law based governments with the goal that they could be remembered for monetary hypotheses of general harmony, close by non-state specialists like private firms and customers (Maloy 754). At last, Olson’s examination has taken â€Å"the key components of Arrow’s and Down’s builds and applied them to a smaller field†; He contends that â€Å"as long as the administration gave by a deliberate affiliation is an open decent on which an individual can sans ride, there is no impetus really to take on the expenses related with joining, enrollment and interest, except if the peripheral commitment of that individual obviously progresses the hierarchical cause† (Maloy 754). Each of the three decision founders’ works have empowered normal decision hypothesis to be in the focal spot of political conversation in â€Å"the imaginative and cross-disciplinary ways† (Maloy 755). By contending that casting a ballot results have no particular social importance, casting a ballot has no individual adequacy, and cooperation in intrigue bunch action has no uncommon individual viability, these reasonable decision authors could reprimand unreasonable and silly suspicions and standards of customary law based framework and carry objective decision model to the spot of political conversation from the field of Economics (Maloy 755). Discerning Choice Theory for the most part begins with thought of the decision conduct of individual dynamic units, which in financial matters are regularly purchasers and firms. The hypothesis recommends that the individual dynamic unit is sure bigger gathering, for example, purchasers or merchants in a specific market. When singular conduct is set up, the examination for the most part proceeds onward to look at how singular decisions collaborate to create results. At that point, I don't get it's meaning by contending that a decision is discerning? In sound decision hypothesis it implies that an agent’s decisions mirror the most favored conceivable option among given chances. At the end of the day, decisions must reflect utility amplification. Elinor Ostrom characterizes normal decision hypothesis as a manual for â€Å"understand people as self-intrigued, present moment maximizers† in his work, â€Å"A Behavioral Approach to the Rational Choice Theory of Collective Action† (Ostrom 2). In the article, â€Å"The Political Psychology of Rational Choice Theory†, William H. Riker additionally proposes that â€Å"the discerning decision model starts with the supposition that entertainers comprehend what they need and can arrange their needs transitively† (Riker 25). â€Å"Transitively† here implies that an operator of objective decision model can do supposed, â€Å"a transitive ordering†; â€Å"To comprehend what one needs expects one to pick the best from among a few objectives and , neglecting to achieve it, to pick the subsequent best, etc† (Riker 24). This definition of requesting empowers an operator to seek after the best alternative with given limitations that limit decisions the individual can have. In their work, â€Å"Rational Choice Theory†, Coleman and Fararo characterize objective decision sociologically as they utilize the term, â€Å"models of purposive action†, instead of balanced decision; â€Å"These models lay on the presumption that entertainers are purposive which implies they act in manners that will in general produce useful results† (Coleman and Fararo 21). These few definitions bring up that decisions seeking after utility expansion and results settled on by these decisions are key components in balanced decision hypothesis. At that point how is distinctive when discerning decision hypothesis is applied into the field of Political Science rather than different fields of study, for example, Economics and Sociology? As per Riker, Economists’ principle worry for levelheaded decision is â€Å"the procedure and results delivered by intentional trade, where obviously, all members advantage. Then again, â€Å"Politics for the most part concerns procedures and results created by collective choices which are for all intents and purposes authoritative on the individuals who can't leave the gathering. In this way, there can be failures and victors in legislative issues as per Riker’s contention (Riker 24). Albeit Rational decision hypothesis has for quite some time been the predominant worldview in Economics and different fields of study, it has been dependent upon energetic analysis. In â€Å"Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory†, Don Green and Ian Shapiro raises a few exact issues that normal decision hypothesis have; they â€Å"conclude that various methodological lacks plague experimental utilizations of levelheaded decision models. They contend that, â€Å"fundamental and repetitive methodological failings established in the universalist desires that propel so much reasonable decision theorizing† (Freidman 59). As per Green and Shapiro, â€Å"these botches originate from a technique driven instead of an issue driven way to deal with explore, in which professionals are progressively anxious to vindicate some universalist model than to comprehend and clarify real political outcomes† (Friedman 59). Green and Shapiro’s contention can be summed up into three recommendations; â€Å"there is a rundown of methodological attributes that are bothersome in an exact science and are in this manner to be maintained a strategic distance from. † â€Å"Empirical utilizations of normal decision hypothesis are bound to submit these missteps than different sorts of experimental examination in political theory. â€Å"These pathologies are not due to and recorded fortuitous event, yet are established in key attributes of sound decision hypothesis, particularly its universalist desires and the absence of explicitness in the normal entertainer assumption† (Freidman 60). These recommendations propose

Divided Line and Allegory of the Cave - Free Essay Example

Plato, in The Republic, discusses human nature, the meaning of justice, and the ordering of the perfect city, through a series of dialogues among philosophers. Plato, through the lens of the character Socrates, argues that justice is achieved when everyone in the city is doing the job that is most suited to their unique talents and not disturbing anyone else. In describing the ideal city, Plato argues that the philosophers must rule, as they possess the ultimate level of truth and knowledge, which makes them most suited for the task. To properly convey what philosophers possess and the masses lack, Plato uses the analogy of the divided line which divides all of existence into two realms: the visible and the intelligible. This analogy serves as a framework for his Allegory of the Cave, which is described in Book VII. The Allegory of the Cave powerfully depicts the human experience of knowledge, and the philosophers journey from the realm of the visible to the intelligible. Together, these analogies explain how societys state as prisoners in the cave is caused by the political bodies control of their peoples access to information and education, as well as by the masses close mindedness and unwillingness to pursue knowledge and change their shallow perspectives. At the end of Book VI, in discussing the ultimate good that the philosopher can understand, Socrates tells Glaucon to imagine a line that divides everything into two parts. First there is the world of the visible, that which we perceive with our senses, and the world of the intelligible, which is not seen, but rather understood. Within the world of the visible there are two parts: statues and other representations of living things, and the living things themselves. Likewise, within the world of the intelligible there are two parts: those things understood through math and logic, and those understood through deeper thinking and hypothesizing that reaches the true essence of things. Images and representations are imagined, while actual things are understood through our trust, which comes from our experiences of seeing things. The first level of intellect-math and logic- is attained through thought, while the highest level-deeper understanding of the truths, comes through intellection. This line portrays the full spectrum of levels of knowledge, starting from the lowest and shallowest level of imagination, to the deepest level of intellect. It is only through a comprehension of this spectrum that one can understand the philosophers ascent in the Allegory of the Cave, and truly appreciate why the philosophers must rule. Book VII of The Republic opens with the famous Allegory of the Cave. A group of prisoners have been chained in a cave their entire lives, and can only see the wall of the cave that is directly in front of them. Behind the prisoners is a fire, and all sorts of people, animals, and statues pass in front of the fire, which creates shadows on the wall of the cave. These shadows are all that these prisoners have seen in their lives, and as such, the prisoners believe that the shadows are the only real things in the world. One day, one of the prisoners is freed and soon sees the fire and the statues, as he begins to understand the cause of the shadows. Next, the prisoner leaves the cave and is blinded by the light of the sun, unable to see everything around him. Slowly, as he becomes accustomed to the light, he sees the people, objects, and the sun. He soon realizes that the shadows in the cave are mere reflections of reality, and everything he thought was true and real was a mere shadow o f reality. This powerful allegory represents the ascent of the philosopher from the bottom of the divided line-the world of shadows and imagination-to the highest level of knowledge-the world of intellect and deep understanding. Unlike the philosopher, though, who ascends to the ultimate truth, most of society remains chained in the cave, perceiving only the shadows that they see. It is incumbent upon the philosopher to guide the rest of society to the light beyond the cave, and to fix peoples eyes on the true essences of reality. Thus, the divided line is integral to understanding what the Allegory of the Cave represents in terms of the philosophers pursuit of deeper knowledge. From the allegory one can extract two powerful lessons about the relationship between the pursuit of knowledge and the political and social character of human life. Firstly, one can learn that the leaders or political body of a society play a vital role in whether or not their society will be prisoners in the cave. The political body controls the societys access to information and the kind of education that they receive, and they will shape the shadows that their people see. In societies like North Korea or the former Soviet Union, the government uses its power to severely limit the peoples access to education, in order to prevent dissidence and ensure compliance with the government. Citizens in such societies are like prisoners in the cave, in that their perception of their world is so shallow and far from reality. In contrast, free societies such as the United States grant their citizens full access to the internet as well as a proper education that allows the citizens to pursue kn owledge and move up to a higher level of understanding. However, it is not only the political aspect of human life that controls whether society will progress further in their pursuit of knowledge. As a society, the people will determine how far they progress in their pursuit of knowledge, depending on their close-mindedness. Unfortunately, societies tend to be close-minded like the prisoners in the cave, and choose to accept their own version of reality. For people to leave their caves, the philosopher-rulers must fix the eyes of their citizens on the right things, and the people must live with a constant open-mindedness to change their perspectives and deepen their understanding of everything they know. One might argue that the peoples progress in their pursuit of knowledge is determined solely by the political leaders who have the power to shape the information and education that the people are presented with, and the people themselves have no power in freeing themselves from the cave. If people have access to education and new knowledge, surely they will eventually turn their heads from the shadows and ascend to deeper understanding! After all, all knowledge is gained in a context. Such a contention could be inferred from the focus on the role of the philosopher and educators in turning people from the darkness to the light in order to free them from their perception of mere shadows. However, if one looks carefully at the allegory, it will become clear that the people themselves play an important role in their own enslavement to the cave. In the allegory, the prisoners in the cave mock the freed prisoner who tries to tell them about the reality beyond the shadows, due to their unw illingness to challenge their understanding of reality and to be open to the possibility that there is more to reality than they perceived. Socrates says of the prisoners reactions to the freed prisoners attempts to convince them to join him in leaving the cave: wouldnt he be the source of laughter, and wouldnt it be said of him that he went up and came back with his eyes corrupted, and that its not even worth going up? And if they were somehow able to get their hands on and kill the man who attempts to release and lead them up, wouldnt they kill him? The prisoners of the cave are prevented from climbing up the divided line towards true understanding because of their own close-mindedness. The leaders, philosophers, and educators can only go so far in showing their citizens the true and good things and creating that context for pursuing deep truths. It is upon the people themselves to be willing to listen, to be challenged, and to change their current perceptions of the world.

Percy Bysshe Shelley Essay - 675 Words

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) was a sad genius who tried to live a happy life. Fascinated with history, language and philosophy, wildly happy in the company of children, he became a serious student of religion as he sought to better our condition in this world. He mastered Latin and Greek, pondered the great philosophers, and, suddenly he was re-born - he became an amalgam of Lucretius, Pliny, Hume, Locke, dHolbach, Bacon, Voltaire, Spinoza, Franklin, Paine, and a host of other giants whose thoughts were melded into his flashing mind. Soon he was ready to take on the powers of his day. Shelley would use the press to publish his vision of humanity and how quot;power and priest-craftquot; had duped us. The Church had been getting†¦show more content†¦One protected the clergy; the other shielded the politicians. He attacked them both with a printing press. It would be hard to say whether Shelley wrote more sedition than blasphemy or visa-versa. At 18 he was expelled from the University of Oxford for publishing The Necessity of Atheism, which opened with quot;There is no God.quot; He posted a copy to quot;every Bishop in the Kingdomquot; and placarded the chapel with atheistic signs. Shortly after his departure from Oxford, the Lord Chief Justice of Great Britain, Lord Ellenborough, sentenced an aged publisher to prison and gave him a bankrupting fine, for printing Tomas Paines The Age of Reason. Shelley published an open letter to the eminent and ignorant jurist, pleading for the right to think, to investigate, and to publish. He explained that truth is only found when there is an opportunity for open discussion. quot;That which is false will ultimately be controverted by its own falsehood. That which is true needs but publicity to be acknowledged.quot; He informed the Lord Chief Justice that if religion would admit free discussion, quot;†¦the Mohammedan, the Jew, the Christian, the Deist, and the Atheist, will live together in one community, equally sharing the benefits which arise from its association, and united in the bonds of brotherly love.quot; That didnt happen but a debate would arise in England concerning the rights ofShow MoreRelatedPercy Bysshe Shelley Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 19th century was Percy Bysshe Shelley. He was born August 4th 1792 to Sir Timothy and Elizabeth Pilford Shelley in Field Place, Horsham, Sussex, England. (Crook) Shelley was the oldest of six children. He had one brother, John and four sisters, Mary, Elizabeth, Hellen, and Margaret. His family lived a very comfortable lifestyle, especially his dad’s father, Bysshe Shelley whom owned quite a few estates. Shelley’s father was also a member of parliament. â€Å"The young Shelley was educated at SyonRead MoreThe Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley Essay866 Words   |  4 PagesPercy Bysshe Shelley began life in Horsham, Sussex, England as the oldest child out of seven children. Shelley faced much hardship throughout his life for his controversial views and philosophies. Percys life however got better after he married Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, his second wife, as they were intellectually equal and both wrote. Percy was born August 4th, 1792 in a small village of Broadbridge Heath, there he learned to fish and hunt in the meadows with his good friend and Cousin ThomasRead MoreAnalysis Of Mutability By Percy Bysshe Shelley Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pages(Greenblatt 752-753) is a poem written by the Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1816. The Oxford English Dictionary defines the word ‘Mutability’ as: Liability or tendency to change. (OED Online) ‘Mutability’ was most probably written in order to portray Shelley’s own views that humans do not have control over changes which occur in their own lives. However, it asserts Shelley’s belief that, â€Å"Nought may endure but Mutability.† Shelley demonstrates this idea by using various literary devices, dictionRead More Irony in Ozymandias by Percy Bysshe Shelley Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesOzymandias, the Greek name for Ramses II, is a sonnet written by Percy Bysshe Shelley. In the poem, Shelley uses irony as a form of satire, mocking tyranny. The poem was published, according to Ian Lancashire (University of Toronto) near January of 1818. At that time, for Europeans, places like Egypt were considered exotic and that adds to the popularity of the sonnet at the time. Shelley wrote this poem in a competition with Horace Smith who also wrote a similar poem, with the same overall themesRead MoreAnalysis Of Ozymandias By Percy Bysshe Shelley1165 Words   |  5 PagesOzymandias is a sonnet in iambic pentameter that was written by English romantic poet, Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1817. To read this poem and understand the complexities of it, one must analyze it through the lens of I.A. Richards’ concept of â€Å"new criticism,† which is now understood as close reading. In this essay, we will compare some of the aspects of criticism that Richards finds counterproductive and meaningless, such as irrelevant associations and sentimentality to his profound concept of new criticismRead MoreThe Sensitive Plant By Percy Bysshe Shelley2087 Words   |  9 Pageswritten by Percy Bysshe Shelley; it is neither his best nor his most famous, but it is an interesting poem, nonetheless. The poem is one of Shelley’s longer ones wherein he contended with an ever-changing world, as well as the difficulty of locating meaning in a universe governed by deterioration and chaos. In this poem, Shelley takes the position that in a seemingly violent and godless world, there is some form of redemption and salvation. It attempts to find value in this world and Shelley locatedRead MoreA Dirge and A Bridal Song by Percy Bysshe Shelley760 Words   |  3 PagesPercy Bysshe Shelley is known as the greatest poet of the second generation of romantics. He wrote great poems in his career like â€Å"A Bridal Song† and â€Å"A Dirge†. These two poems he is most famous for writing. He influenced the romanticism era dramatically thro ugh his writing and poetry like the two poems listed above and even though critics had something to say about it he was always ready to face the criticism. My author is Percy Bysshe Shelley â€Å"He was born in Suxxex England† and â€Å"he attended theRead MorePercy Bysshe Shelley A Tragic Flaw Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesThere once was a revolutionary English Romantic poet by the name of Percy Bysshe Shelley, and considered by many critics as one of the greatest lyrical, influential, and liberal poets of his era. Shelley always stood up for what he believed in and would fight tooth and nail for what he wants. His life was always full of risks and was very adventurous, this is what made him an interesting person and it is what made his works so intriguing. Despite his popularity, Shelley’s riskiness was also hisRead MoreEssay on Percy Bysshe Shelley Defends Poetry1608 Words   |  7 PagesPercy Bysshe Shelley Defends Poetry â€Å"While Mrs. Bush understands the right of all Americans to express their political views, this event was designed to celebrate poetry.† – Office of the First Lady, in regards to the cancellation of a poetry symposium. (Benson) In â€Å"A Defence of Poetry,† Percy Bysshe Shelley puts forth the claim that poets are the â€Å"unacknowledged legislators of the world† (810). Although Mrs. Bush might disagree, Shelley argues convincingly in favor of such a positionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem England By Percy Bysshe Shelley1122 Words   |  5 Pages In â€Å"England in 1819† by Percy Bysshe Shelley, he utilizes allusions, diction, symbolism, and metaphors to show disdain for King George the Third. These literary devices are important to the poem as a whole to convey the hatred Shelley had because it allows the reader to see where this disdain derives from. Shelley uses allusions to indirectly call something familiar to mind. First and foremost, he calls out â€Å"an old, mad, blind, despised, and dying King† (Shelley 790). Though he doesn’t mention

Factors That Affect The Behavior Of Consumers As Related...

Introduction Environmental variables can affect the buying behavior of consumers as related marketing research suggested that the environment provides some type of experience for consumers , which are used for the promotion and sale of products or services. Specifically, the marketing research conducted to describe the effect of different emotional condition at the time of purchase of the buyers who cannot decide what to buy, use the process of purchase intent. The intent to purchase , a customer buying the product unintentionally and unplanned . Shopping lifestyle consumer describes the behavior of consumers who want to buy and give positive responses with respect to the consumer product .In this condition , take only the data for retail†¦show more content†¦They need to understand what potential customers behave as they would like. It also appears that advertising may have the potential to contribute to the brand of choice for consumers. The main objective of advertising is to have an impact on buying behavior ; However, the impact on the brand is frequently changed or improved in people s memory . Memories of the brand are made of these associations are linked to the brand in the minds of consumers. These brand influence account cognition , evaluation, and finally purchases . The main objective of analyzing the behavior of consumers is to explain why consumers act in a particular way in certain circumstances. It attempts to determine the factors that influence consumer behavior , particularly economic , social and psychological aspects . When young people choose the information and advertising characters as their models, they can not only identify with them, but also intend to copy in terms of how they dress and what they will buy. The traditional hierarchy of the consequences of the state of the advertising exposure advertising leads to cognition, such as memory for advertising, brand models ; which in turn leads to attitudes, namely product taste and attitude towards the purchase; which in the end leads to behavior , such as buying the advertised product. As the market is in surplus with multiple products or services , many companies make similar function claim ; yes , it has become

Genetically Modified Microorganisms free essay sample

Organisms that have been genetically modified include microorganisms such as fish, insects, yeast, plants, and animals. Genetically modified organisms are widely used in scientific research which helps produce goods and foods, known also as genetically modified foods (Starr/Evers/Starr, 2013). Genetically modified organisms or genetically modified microorganisms are engineered through science by the process known as genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is the manipulation of genes, implying that the process is outside the organism’s reproductive process. This is done by the genetic engineering of splicing genes together. Splicing genes together is done by the researchers of a certain area of study employing genetic engineering to take certain genes from a source organism and put them into another plant or animal. An example of genetic engineering is when a scientist takes a Bacillus Thuringiensis organism, a commonly occurring soil bacteria, and use enzymes to remove from it the Bt gene. The Bt gene produces a protein that turns toxic in the digestive tract of caterpillars. The Bt gene is then spliced and then incorporated into the chromosome organism of a cotton or corn plant. The end result is a plant with a natural pesticide that kills any caterpillar that decides to feed upon these genetically modified and genetically engineered plants (Starr/Evers/Starr, 2013). Another section of genetic engineering is gene transfer. Gene transfer is done when a scientist is transferring of genes between species and amino acid sequences of polypeptides are then changed because genetic code is then universal. Gene transfer is done by removing the plasmid from the bacterium and the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is cut by a restriction enzyme. Next the foreign deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is then cut with the same enzyme and then the foreign deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is now inserted into the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the plasmid which is now known as a combined plasmid. The combined plasmid is then reinserted into the bacterium. The bacterium is used to insert the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) carrying the foreign gene into the chromosome of a cell or protein. The cells or the protein are then grown in a lab in a culture, which could be anything such as a test tube or a petri dish for a period of time. Now the plant or protein is generated from a cell clone. Now all of the cells carry the foreign gene and may express it as a new trait. Within the study of science gene transfer is mainly used to help cure viruses, inherited diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases such as AIDS (Eliash1988, 2007). Another section within genetic engineering having to deal with genetically modified organisms and genetically modified microorganisms is known as cloning. Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. This means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two. The first well known subject and successful cloning was known as Dolly the sheep in 1997, but cloning technology has been around way longer than dolly. Cloning is also known as the process of nuclear transplantation or the transplantation of a nucleus of one organism. To make Dolly, researchers isolated a somatic cell  from an adult female sheep. Next, they transferred the nucleus, an enclosed compartment that contains all the information that cells need to form an organism,  from that cell to an egg cell from which the nucleus had been removed. After a couple of chemical tweaks, the egg cell, with its new nucleus, was behaving just like a freshly fertilized zygote. It developed into an embryo, which was implanted into a surrogate mother and carried to term. A somatic cell is any cell in the body other than the two types of reproductive cells, sperm and egg. Sperm and egg are also called germ cells. In mammals, every somatic cell has two complete sets of chromosomes, whereas the germ cells only have one complete set (Rott, 2013). Another section of genetic engineering which takes part due to cloning is called Therapeutic Cloning. Therapeutic Cloning is the production of embryonic stem cells for use in replacing or repairing tissues or organs. Therapeutic cloning is achieved by transferring a diploid nucleus from a body cell into an egg whose nucleus that has been removed. The stem cells are harvested from blastocyst that develops from the egg, which, if implanted into a uterus could produce a clone of the nucleus donor. Therapeutic cloning is used for extreme cases were self-transplants are needed, as well as Leukemia, degenerative diseases, extreme cases of spinal cord repair, and skin grafts for burn victims (Mcgill, 2007). Some benefits of genetic engineering with genetically modified organisms and genetically modified microorganisms are with these processes we can make beer use of our limited farm land by generating and creating higher yielding crops. With this it also helps generate a higher profit and saves a major amount of money spent on harvests. Another use of genetically modified organisms and genetically modified microorganisms is we can also create more food that has a longer shelf life and which can in turn can help by producing less waste. We can also produce and create a better quality of food that has better taste. We can also reduce a produces maturation time to help generate more food in a less amount of time (Philips, 2008). Some risks that are involved with genetic engineering, genetically modified organisms, and genetically modified microorganisms are the potential for human health implications that come from the food we genetically engineer and create. Everything we eat goes through our body and into our bloodstream and it is unknown to were the mass of the potential risks we cause ourselves with the food we eat. There are also concerns for potential environmental impact issues such as out-crossing. With the process of genetic engineering and the creation of our plants and food we have made to create their own personal pesticides we have created the inevitable out-crossing of transgenic plants with naturally occurring ones. By doing this we have created such problems as the super weed which is almost impossible to kill without destroying everything near it or taking such matters as digging the plant up and burning it. Other issues that can be caused are political and economic issues such as their being a company that has the production of food that is the domination of the world’s food production. There are now only a few big companies that develop massively and generate the world’s food by genetically engineered plants and produce. There are also only a few countries that use such means to develop food due to the health risks involved by eating genetically engineered foods. For example the U. S. does not have a law that makes it a requirement to label such foods as genetically engineered foods. Another concern that is brought with genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms are the ones that come from tampering with Mother Nature such as cross mixing animal genes to create bigger and stronger ones. Some call it playing god. Lastly the things most of us have to worry about are the weapons created by using genetic engineering such as biological weapons. With the advancements of science and chemicals only the imagination could limit the possibilities of the weapons that could be created to use against us or others (McPhersson, 2008). In my personal opinion I feel that we need to really regulate what we do with genetically modified microorganism and genetically modified organisms through genetic engineering. We really need to study and watch the health risks that come from us genetically modifying the produce and plants we eat. Same goes for the animals we slaughter. I feel companies are out to make the most money and are only looking at their own benefit by producing more to sell more. The health risks we have caused ourselves are just too great. We are already the country that contains the most obese people in it. Why make things worse. On that note, I do feel we need to keep or advancements and keep pushing forward on creating more ways to heal people with diseases and that have hade damage done to their bodies through disasters ad accidents. References Mcgill, J. (July 2007) Therapeutic Cloning: Promises and Issues. Retrieved From: http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC2323472/ McPhersson, J. (2008-08-24) Effects of Genetic Engineering. Retrieved From: http://www. disabled-world. com/artman/publish/genetic-engineering. shtml Eliash1988. (January 20, 2007) Genetic Transfer – Part 1. Retrieved From: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=t4i0Q_irM8o Philips, T. (2008) Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs): Transgenic Crops  and Recombinant DNA Technology. Retrived From: http://www. nature. com/scitable/topicpage/genetically-modified-organisms-gmos-transgenic-crops-and-732 Rott, D. (January 21, 2013). IB Genetic Engineering Biotechnology Part 2. Retrieved From: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=ltFl491UeJY Lisa Starr/Christine Evers/Cecie Starr. (2013). BIOLOGY TODAY AND TOMORROW WITHOUT PHYSIOLOGY, Fourth Edition Strayer University

No Doubts Tragic Kingdom - Retrospective free essay sample

Tragic Kingdom was a massive record. The immense success of the album helped propel ska into the mainstream and paved the way for Orange County bands like Reel Big Fish and Save Ferris to make a splash in the music world. Even if Tragic Kingdom is hardly a full-on ska-punk album, the 90’s Orange County ska energy is still present, and the influence is clear. At the time of Tragic Kingdom’s release, No Doubt was a relatively unknown band that was nevertheless thriving in the Orange County ska scene. Their previous album, The Beacon Street Collection was a local success, and this was enough to get the attention of major record label, Interscope, who would fund Tragic Kingdom. Tragic Kingdom came at a time that No Doubt somewhat reinvented themselves. On their previous two albums, most songs were written by Eric Stefani, brother of Gwen Stefani, and had more of a ska-punk feel to them. We will write a custom essay sample on No Doubts Tragic Kingdom Retrospective or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Following his departure from the band, Gwen Stefani began writing her own material with a more poppy sound and this is what is featured on Tragic Kingdom. Listening to this album today, it definitely holds up with some killer tracks performed in No Doubt’s unique blend of musical styles. One of the first singles to come from Tragic Kingdom was the ska-influenced â€Å"Spiderwebs.† This song opens the album and immediately gives the listener a taste of the No Doubt sound that is to come. On this multifaceted song, there is a ska intro, a new-wave inspired verse, and a punky chorus. Those three genres define No Doubt’s musical style on Tragic Kingdom. This makes for unique, energetic songs. No Doubt, and specifically frontwoman Gwen Stefani, possessed a unique energy that helped ensure the band’s success. The energy displayed in the music is infectious and exciting and this is further exemplified in the band’s music videos and live performances. Stefani really gets into the music and the listener can’t help but have a great time. The unique No Doubt energy is most prevalent on the album’s lead single, â€Å"Just A Girl.† The funky guitar/keyboard intro sets the tone immediately and Stefani’s uniquely ironic vocal style fits the subject matter perfectly. The song was a massive success that helped drive sales of Tragic Kingdom. The accompanying music video helps establish Gwen Stefani as a 90’s icon, showcasing her and the band’s frantic punk-inspired energy. Judging by Spotify listens, â€Å"Don’t Speak† is No Doubt’s most popular song. This is very interesting, as it is definitely an outlier on Tragic Kingdom. â€Å"Don’t Speak† is a slow ballad that is very different from the frantic ska energy found on most other songs. While listening to Tragic Kingdom in full, â€Å"Don’t Speak† actually offers a nice little break from the constant energy found on the rest of the album. â€Å"Don’t Speak† immediately follows â€Å"Sunday Morning,† one of the most upbeat and exciting songs on the album. â€Å"Don’t Speak† is a unique song for No Doubt, but it works. It’s still catchy but the lyrics just carry a little bit more weight when delivered in this more serious tone. Tragic Kingdom was a hugely impactful album in the 1990’s music scene. Singles like â€Å"Sunday Morning† and â€Å"Spiderwebs† helped catapult ska music back into the mainstream, while hit songs like â€Å"Just A Girl† and â€Å"Don’t Speak† helped establish No Doubt as an iconic band to come out of Orange County, California. Tragic Kingdom is a very important and wonderful album featuring No Doubt’s unique sound and palpable energy.